The mixer generates intermediate freqeuency (IF) signals that result from the sum and difference of the LO and RF signals combined in the mixer: These sum and difference signals at the IF port are of ...

Let’s take an amplifier and feed it with two test signals of identical amplitude, but of two different frequencies which we will call “f1” and “f2”. Since the amplifier is non-ideal, there will be ...

Passive intermodulation (PIM) distortion arises when non‐linearities and imperfections within electrical connectors and transmission lines cause the intermodulation of signals, leading to spurious ...

Software-defined radio (SDR) is a very powerful concept. Its technologies provide software implementation of modulation, interference management, and capacity enhancement techniques over a broad ...

Distortion comes in two basic classes: Linear distortion, which is not an oxymoron; and nonlinear distortion, which includes all other distortions except noise. Noise is quite another matter and is ...