Dating back to the early Islamic period, these designs were developed using a set of mathematical principles. Islamic art was characterized by utilizing geometric patterns in a distinct manner owing ...

Show the average Westerner a page of abstract Arabic calligraphy and he’ll see nothing but squiggly lines. Show the same page to a devout Muslim and – literate or not – he may see the Word of God.

The visual arts allows us to understand people of earlier eras: visual literacy reveals many things about what these people did, knew, and believed. Examining the geometric patterns that characterize ...

Christopher van der Krogt does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations ...