Dec 13, 2015 · The radius of the observable universe is about 46 billion light-years, which is considerably greater than its age of about 14 billion years. The radius of the observable …

Nov 19, 2017 · The following is one chapter in a series on Mathematical Quantum Field Theory. The previous chapter is 6. Symmetries. The next chapter is 8. Phase space. 7. Observables In …

Mar 16, 2024 · The observable universe refers to the portion of the universe that we can see or detect, limited by the finite time light has traveled since the Big Bang. It has a finite volume.

May 19, 2025 · The discussion focuses on the differences between classical and quantum mechanics regarding the specification of experimental conditions and the determination of …

Oct 3, 2012 · My question is about both sides of the same coin. First, does a hermitian operator always represent a measurable quantity? Meaning, (or conversely) could you cook up an …

Mar 4, 2021 · Hi, I found the above observable canonical form using this source...

Sep 28, 2015 · Can we see an atom? In this article, I will discuss how these images are made, what exactly we are looking at, and what it really means to see an atom.

Feb 16, 2006 · Hi, I really need help solving this problem, can you pleasez help me with it? Here is the problem: An operator A, representing observable A, has two normalized eigenstates w1 …

Jan 27, 2018 · In the cosmology section of the Physics Forums, I encountered many Big Bang and related infinity problems. Hence, in this article, I want to explain the Big Bang, the topology …

Dec 29, 2019 · Hi, I'm only trying to understand the basic concept. Did the big bang give rise to both observable and non-observable universe? I have been through quite a few source and it …